Showing posts with label The reign of the Sun King. Show all posts
Showing posts with label The reign of the Sun King. Show all posts

Sunday, September 18, 2011

A Moon Princess (or a goddess) and a Sun King




"View of Grand Canal" by Nicholas Perelle,
engraving of 1680,
from wikipedia:

The Hall of Mirrors at Versailles at each end of the mirrored hallway
did have a salle (a room “Salon”) for peace and a salle (a room “Salon”) for wars
almost similarly as
Louis XIV's reign was of peace and war. At one time there was an
extended peace of nearly twenty years which considering the state of nations at the time
and the occurrence of wars this was no mean feat.

The Peace
of Versailles was signed at the end of World War I on 11 November
1918, Armistice Day. An auspicious occasion and also a memorable
one.

Also, that today as I write this post it is 71 years since the Battle of
Britain in which the free world was saved.

In the Book of Micah is mention that one day nations would not go to
war and instead would turn their swords to plough shares and their
spears to pruning hooks and would sit under their fig trees and vines.
Perhaps a symbol of a peaceful time.


Poem

A Moon Princess (or a goddess) and a Sun King

We danced and skipped
across the roof tops of time
You and I
across the sky;

Of purple dawns and hazy dew
These were things I always knew:-

I once did rise in an afternoon sky
so clear and blue,
And you were there, gleaming true,
Dispirited to see you leave so soon
But this was long past the noon-

In open skies
and morning dew
I saw these marvellous things of you-
Apollo's chariot riding high
and all the Moons could give a sigh:-

I glimpsed you once at old Versailles
There you were in your grand style
Where sun-swept shadows crossed the mile;
For was it not at the courts of dukes and kings
and miraculous things
that the emblem of the Sun rode high?
And who would emulate a-while
as a Pharaoh of the Nile
Challenge the Sun King's style?
Surely, no-one in his guile!

Moonlight glided gracefully
over the land,
through distant valleys and mountain tops
watched over vineyards, countryside, cities
and lakes;
Glimpsed dolphins frolick in the deep
Lit by moonlight,
the fields of sheep:
and found its way to the King's Domain:
The moonlight was a beckoning show
It found its way in an all-time glow;

Swaying tree-tops in the breeze
Gilded splendour gleamed the leaves
Where shadows dancing inter-weave;
A splendid scene
A coloured beam
Reflecting to the fountain stream;
And all the colours would unite
A glorious play into the night:

I thought those days would never end
And the Sun gleamed golden:-
it seemed a trend.

From a platform out on top
Could see the fruit and ready crop:
Seeming almost as a play
where the workers toiled away:

La Quintinie,­
With a wonderful “Bon Chretien” pear:
And for the needy
he would care;

With glass walls and a bell jar
He captured sun-light from afar;
Visitors viewed the “potager” display
Would eat the fruit along the way;

And weren't these your happiest days
When you set your trails a-blaze?

La Valliere, sincerity,
La Montespan, vivacity
did impress;
though I must confess
would cause distress
that you married your governess:
when had been
your royal queen
a previous princess;
With enchantments and
a School of St Cyr
Madame de Montespan had much to fear!

You were never the same
Not quite so tame
La Mancini could not take your name
A cause for suffering-
perhaps also of wandering;

“Louis, Louis”
You knew the score
Could hold forth at the Temple Door
Knew the stories of old folk-lore
Louis the Tenth and Four:

You knew of realms long before
And Atlantis on the ocean floor:

The power of words which were never said,
Of the people long since dead,
Of Akhenaten and the sphinx-like dread;

Mysteries and wisdom inscribed
of temple walls and mirrored halls
These were things which you ascribed;

And where to
Marly,
from before:
Design so fine
Palace divine
A flowing picture-
pavilions, terrace-

Palissades and shades
of beech and elm
evoked tranquillity, peace and calm
imagining a fairy glade
of crystal rock pools made of jade;

Allees and bosquets cleverly made
To designs geometrically laid;

Your garden was equal to none
You, Louis, were the One
With your symbol of the Sun.

You lived your life as a glittering flame-
And danced on the steps of audacity and fame;

Oh, and how moonlight becomes you,
suited your plane;
the softening glow of an amber show
And the moon would wane:
Silent patterns at your window pane
As though seeking answers as they came;
Of heady scents,
Perfumed flowers
in the magic Versailles hours
This truly was your game:

Ah, to sit with you a-day
And all the things which we could say:

And revolution's flame-
Who was to blame?
Wasn't that a mighty shame?

You who brought down city walls
Made Versailles free for all:

I look and I look;
And what do I see?
A Thousand Years of Monarchy:

And Romans, Visigoths and Teutonic Knights-
You always had put up your fights;

You who would prune your Chestnuts by hand
Sit under fig trees of the land;
Share your bounty of the earth
Great imaginings of worth!
Beauty and sprituality
flow together indelibly
And you gave Le Notre a wide berth:

With topiary and broderie
A spark of ingenuity
As shimmerings of emboidery
In the Versailles nursery:
Diamond patterns all on show
As in a glass-house after-glow;
Gleaming lanterns with lights down low;




Three Notes:

1.

La Valliere,
became a Duchess but
left Versailles and entered
a convent.

2.

La Montespan
was dismissed from her apartment
at Versailles by her son.

3.

There was an expectation that Louis XIV would marry a princess in seventeenth century France.
Marie Mancini was the Cardinal's niece.













Thursday, August 4, 2011

Princess of Versailles

Princess of Versailles

Princess Marie-Adelaide of Savoy was quite a bright spark
in the generally staid and conventional court of the later years
of the life of the Sun King.
Arriving at the court of Versailles as a young girl of 10, with strict instructions
from her family to obey Madame de Maintenon when she arrived at court,
Princess Marie-Adelaide
readily made friends of Madame de Maintenon and the king, Louis XIV.
With
endearing attributes and natural precocity and exuberance of child-hood, she was
a fresh and lively personality in the hallowed halls of Versailles.

Charles Elliott's book of “Princess of Versailles” offers a fresh and wonderful
perspective of life at Versailles during the reign of the Sun King, the life of
Princess Marie-Adelaide who had come to the court to marry the grand-son
of the Sun King, the Duc de Bourgogne.

The book follows the fortunes of Princess Marie-Adelaide's father, Victor Amadeus II,
Duke of Savoy, who often seemed to be living in the shadow of the Sun King and as a
consequence could at times be fickle with his loyalties. There are wonderful
descriptions of the court of Savoy given in the book describing the beauty and refinement
of the court and also
a spiritual essence as Princess Marie Adelaide's mother with her ladies would
painstakingly repair the Shroud of Turin with golden thread. The world of the
court of Savoy was far removed from the more worldly court of Versailles.

Princess Marie-Adelaide was in effect brought up by the king and Madame de
Maintenon. Perhaps because Marie-Adelaide had become accustomed to the king
and Madame de Maintnon over the years she would also interrupt the king in important
meetings, but also over time the king did come to rely on Princess Marie-Adelaide to
attend entertainments in the evenings, even when she was not well with tooth-ache.

Marie-Adelaide also suffered from a mis-carriage at one time as she travelled against
doctors' instructions so as not to displease the king. This may or may not have been a
cause of her miscarriage and the king most likely felt very guilty about this as afterwards
he did seem not to be quite so affable and people did not like to approach him for about
15 minutes. The king was most likely very upset. At another time when his soldiers had
been defeated with many losses Madame de Maintenon had to bring this sad news to him.
Madame de Mainenon and the king spent many years together and for much of the time
these must have been happy years. Madame de Maintenon became involved in her school
of St Cyr and the education of the pupils. The pupils put on a play of “Esther” on the stage which the king attended. The king often attended the plays
with Madame de Maintenon and would have enjoyed these shows. The king was supportive
of Madame de Maintenon's involvement and work at the school.

St Cyr had been established by
Madame de Maintenon to support and educate impoverished young girls of the nobility. Their
future prospects were assured as they had the opportunity of becoming a teacher, entering a
convent or becoming married, in which case a suitable husband would be found for them.


Entertainments and balls were often held in Princess Marie-Adelaide's honour. She was bright and happy.
Princess Marie-Adelaide was as the belle of the ball. Dances and music brought back an echo
of earlier times when Versailles was a bright and welcoming place full of amusements
and entertainments. In later years the wonderful spectaculars and plays of earlier times
had waned. Earlier there had been Lully and Quinault who had staged magnificent
music and opera. There were beautiful sets and magnificent costumes.

There is a coloured
illustration of a dream scene from Lully's opera “Atys” depicted as a wool and silk tapestry
in the book “Baroque” Style in the Age of Magnificence 1620-1800 by Michael
Snodin and Nigel Llewellyn and assisted by Joanna Norman. The colours and displays
of the stage look magnificent. “Atys” had first been performed in 1676 and became known as
the king's opera. “Phaeton” which became more popular in Paris became known as “the people's
opera.” There were so many wonderful entertainments of the earlier times at Versailles.

In the same book there is also a wonderful depiction of an engraving of the inauguration of the
equestrian statue of Louis XIV in place Louis-le-Grand, which is now the Place Vendome. It looks
to have been a magnificent occasion and I am also reminded of a similar occasion for the unveiling of the Bronze Horseman in St Petersburg. This also looks to have been a spectacular occasion from the pictures which have have been depicted.

The duc de Bourgogne had been brought up by a religious tutor, Fenelon, who later
had been banned from the court because of his views. However, his teachings had
influenced the young duc de Bourgogne, who would have liked nothing better than to read
and study religious texts and writings. At one time when the duc de Bourgogne was not
present at an evening's entertainment the king was known to say that as a prince of the court he
should be present at the royal functions. The king was probably not impressed or put out
by the duc de Bourgogne's absence.

At one time, during severe economic hardship, the Duke and Duchess of Bourgogne
sold their jewellery to assist less fortunate people.

After the demise of Monseigneur, the king's son, from smallpox, the duc de Bourgogne
was being made ready for his time to take over the crown from Louis XIV as next in line
of succession. Great things were expected of him and Louis XIV proudly did introduce
him to clerics and people of the church.

Unfortunately, in those times, there were not vaccinations available for small-pox and
many people also in Paris succumbed to this disease.

Princess Marie-Adelaide fell ill and passed away with the duc de Bourgogne also passing
away not long after. This couple seemed ideal and would have made a wonderful king
and queen. Two of their children were also lost from small-pox and a governess, Madame de Ventadour, refused
to allow the doctors to treat another son, who was very young at the time. This child subsequently
reigned as King Louis XV many years later.

I found “Princess of Versailles” to be rich in content and wonderful to read. The book shows
Versailles to its best advantage, the wonderful place which at times it could be. Charles Elliott
did devote a few pages to the earlier years of Versalles as a background to the story.

Princess Marie-Adelaide was popular at court, loved and admired by many people and sadly missed as also had been her grand-mother
Princess Henriette, Madame, who was known as “Minette” who had also died at a young age many
years earlier.

Thursday, July 7, 2011

The Reign of the Sun King

I thought it was time for a few more posts about Louis XIV and Versailles:


The Reign of the Sun King:

The sun set its golden shadows over distant hills
and the reign of the Sun King ceased to be;-
A reign spectacular for its magnificence and splendour:-

All this time the Sun King seemed to live his life upon a stage:-
a court revolving round a golden age;
the Grand Siecle;

Philippe d'Orleans,
son of Monsieur and the second Madame, Liselotte, a princess of the Palatinate,
governed as the Regent from 1715.
He is reputed to have introduced champagne to the royal court.


Louis XIV,
a king so young who came to the throne,
who made the court of Versailles his home;
So much drama in his young life,
The Fronde,
Fleeing palaces in stealth by night
Seeking safety in his flight;
An arranged wedding-
Infanta Marie Therese,
his wife:

Glinting in that golden sun
bedecked upon a glittering horse
And all of Paris seemed to shine
On that spring day of June summer time;

A new beginning from the old
And all the crowds cheered so bold:

“Louis, Louis”
A magnificent king,
the crowds seemed to sing
And were wont to say
Looking at the king that day;

So caring, kind, colourful and good,
A king, sometimes not always understood.

He strove for excellence and all good things
In dance, music, art and décor;

A king and court from before
Gives grace and understanding
Now, for history and the arts-
A model-
which echoes still in time.
Thinking of a glorious past
herein are treasures which do last.

Conceived on a night of a storm;-
the day Louis XIV was born
the fountains of Paris
flowed free with wine
People looking forward to a better time

Three days to spread the good news
to the south
With all good wishes for his health;

At St Jean de Luz
A wedding so fine;

Celebrations
and decorations-
Ostentations
the reasons why
occasioned by
the birth of a son,-
Louis's only royal one:

Quadrilles of horses trotted in time
Spectators formed in illustrious line
in the magnificent June springtime;
Tuileries and Louvre arena surrounds
and the stories do abound;
A roundabout of a Carousel
as later on the Bourbons fell
Imagining a lost Dingle Dell
Looking for dreams
in a Wishing Well:

For, as in an old-time nursery rhyme
the king, as Emperor
was dressed to shine,-
Looking back,
perhaps a sign
In a glimpse of time;

Pageantry-
wonderful to see
A spectacle-
remembered still:

And as the people went back to work
Recalling a Prince dressed as a Turk
rebel prince in his surrender
Holding aloft the Moon in Splendour
Gracing his presence
 displaying its crescent
in the shadow of the sun
Louis XIV's Apollo had won-
The Sultan- Prince of Conde;
And as the people went upon their way
prone merrily to say:
“What a wonderful display!”
Remembered for ever a day:
For later on,
a consul,- general
Napoleon
Did throw his hat into the ring
The status of Emperor did bring
With Josephine as his queen-
could this ever be foreseen?

Napoleon's army,
Had this ever been rehearsed
A dance across the universe?
Not until Waterloo reversed;

And I cannot forget
As a montage of images
from a film set
The Sun, The Moon
and the distant Stars
Reflecting a Universe
Saturn to Mars-
Did shine upon this princely court
Imagery which astronomy taught;
Themes which had always been
now could often be seen-
At Marly, a beautiful place
Versailles- The Sun's ace
Sun shadows and arrows
Sun-flowers bright yellow
Hornbeam which seemed
In nature so green
and mythical garden scenes:

“Le Roi Soleil” danced to music on a make-believe stage
Lived his life on a gilded stage
Created his world a golden age;
And now his life is reflected in song
A make-believe stage of a real age
This seventeenth century stage;

People turn the pages of time
Splendours and wonders achieved so fine
Passion in art and beauty sublime:

Brought up on stories of Alexander the Great,
Looked back to a time past
Of the Greeks and Romans
As though seeking truths and answers from stories
of long ago.


It is believed that Louis XIV did not allow himself to
be influenced in his decision making by women as regards
the governing of the country. However, the gardens may have
been a different matter at various times, depending upon who
was in favour and who the king was in love with. The gardens of Versailles
were designed with Louise de la Valliere as an inspiration for the king.

His priests may have influenced him in later years regarding the revocation
of the Treaty of Nantes, which reversed the freedom of religion which had
been put in place by Louis XIV's grandfather, Henri IV, which granted freedom
to the Huguenots. As a consequence many talented artisans did leave the country
which may have affected the economy.

Louis XIV's reign was a triumph in many respects with industry, arts and culture,
the tapestries of the Gobelins, the gardens and fountains of Versailles,
fashion, etiquette, manners (Louis XIV always dressed well, which befitted his royal role and acted with dignity and decorum)
engineering, science and technology.
He may have become a little subdued in later years and a little more religious
minded as he became older. He attended chapel services every day.

It was sad when his reign was nearing its end.
He was aware of speculation in the foreign press.
He did a great deal for the country and ruled at a time when it was not an unusual
occurrence for countries to be at war with one another.

A life of wonder,
full of joy,
He created beauty at Versailles.

The early years of the reign of the Sun King are recalled as the happiest times with the fetes
and celebrations, the gardens his joy.

In later years, with sorrow and sadness, the court of Versailles was not the happy place of
earlier times.

When Princess Marie-Adelaide of Savoy came on the scene the court of Versailles reflected some of its earlier gaiety and merriment of previous times with the many balls whch were given in honour of the new princess, who would eventually marry the king's grandson, the Duke of Bourgogne.

I wonder whether the king reflected upon the golden age of Elizabeth I of England.
He did enquire once of the plays of Shakespeare, however, Princess Henriette was not informed or did not seem to be aware of the great
playwright at the time. This was after one of her visits to England.

Louis XIV wrote his own madrigal or motet once though through of lack of encouragement from
a friend, he threw it away. This is described in Louis XIV by Vincent Cronin, a recommended
book, which details the achievements of his reign with a view to the arts, beauty and architecture.

There is a reference in the introduction of “The Sun King's Garden” by Ian Thompson that the gardener, Le Notre,
has been likened to Shakespeare. Very little known about him but his works well known. The gardens of seventeenth century Versailles were a show piece of the Sun King's domain and
remain a beautiful show piece even still today. The Sun King and his gardener, Le Notre, became friends and shared a wonderful vision for the gardens of Versailles which became a reality with the beautiful gardens and fountains which were created.